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. 2018 Feb 8:9:120.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00120. eCollection 2018.

Inheritance and Linkage of Virulence Genes in Chinese Predominant Race CYR32 of the Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Long Wang  1 , Dan Zheng  1 , Shuxia Zuo  1 , Xianming Chen  2   3 , Hua Zhuang  1 , Lili Huang  1 , Zhensheng Kang  1   4 , Jie Zhao  1
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Inheritance and Linkage of Virulence Genes in Chinese Predominant Race CYR32 of the Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Long Wang et al. Front Plant Sci. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is the causal agent of stripe (yellow) rust on wheat. It seriously threatens wheat production worldwide. The obligate biotrophic fungus is highly capable of producing new virulent races that can overcome resistance. Studying the inheritance of Pst virulence using the classical genetic approach was not possible until the recent discovery of its sexual stage on barberry plants. In the present study, 127 progeny isolates were obtained by selfing a representative Chinese Yellow Rust (CYR) race, CYR32, on Berberis aggregate. The parental isolate and progeny isolates were characterized by testing them on 25 wheat lines with different Yr genes for resistance and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The 127 progeny isolates were classified into 27 virulence phenotypes (VPs), and 65 multi-locus genotypes (MLGs). All progeny isolates and the parental isolate were avirulent to Yr5, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26, Yr32, and YrTr1; but virulent to Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr25, Yr44, and Yr76. The VPs of the parental isolate to nine Yr genes (Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr28, Yr43, YrA, and YrExp2) and the avirulence phenotype to YrSP were found to be heterozygous. Based on the segregation of the virulence/avirulence phenotypes, we found that the VPs to Yr7, Yr28, Yr43, and YrExp2 were controlled by a dominant gene; those to Yr6, Yr9, and YrA (Yr73, Yr74) by two dominant genes; those to Yr17 and Yr27 by one dominant and one recessive gene; and the avirulence phenotype to YrSP by two complementary dominant genes. Molecular mapping revealed the linkage of 10 virulence/avirulence genes. Comparison of the inheritance modes of the virulence/avirulence genes in this study with previous studies indicated complex interactions between virulence genes in the pathogen and resistance genes in wheat lines. The results are useful for understanding the plant-pathogen interactions and developing wheat cultivars with effective and durable resistance.

Keywords: Puccinia striiformis; alternate host; genetics of virulence; sexual reproduction; wheat stripe rust.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental flow chart. (1) Obtaining a single-urediniospore isolate of CYR32. (2) Producing teliospores. (3) Inoculating barberry plants with basidiospores produced from germinating teliospores. (4) Fertilization by transferring pycniospores in nectar from a pycium to another. (5) Developing a segregating population consisting of 127 uredinial isolates from individual aeciospores. (6) Phenotype test of the 127 progeny isolates on 25 Yr single-gene lines. (7) DNA extraction and genotype detection using SSR markers. (8) Linkage construction.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequencies of progeny isolates with different numbers of homozygous SSR marker loci for the 10 loci at which the parental isolate was heterozygous.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Linkage map constructed with avirulence genes and SSR markers. Avr denotes a dominant avirulence gene and avr denotes a recessive avirulence gene.
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