Discovery of a New Four-Leaf Clover-Like Ligand as a Potent c-MYC Transcription Inhibitor Specifically Targeting the Promoter G-Quadruplex

J Med Chem. 2018 Mar 22;61(6):2447-2459. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01697. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Abstract

Downregulating transcription of the oncogene c-MYC is a feasible strategy for cancer therapy. Stabilization of the G-quadruplex structure present in the c-MYC promoter can suppress c-MYC transcription. Thus, far, several ligands targeting this structure have been developed. However, most have shown no selectivity for the c-MYC G-quadruplex over other G-quadruplexes, leading to uncertain side effects. In this study, through structural modification of aryl-substituted imidazole/carbazole conjugates, a brand-new, four-leaf clover-like ligand called IZCZ-3 was found to preferentially bind and stabilize the c-MYC G-quadruplex. Further intracellular studies indicated that IZCZ-3 provoked cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and thus inhibited cell growth, primarily by blocking c-MYC transcription through specific targeting of the promoter G-quadruplex structure. Notably, IZCZ-3 effectively suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Accordingly, this work provides an encouraging example of a selective small molecule that can target one particular G-quadruplex structure, and the selective ligand might serve as an excellent anticancer agent.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Carbazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Carbazoles / pharmacology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints / drug effects
  • Cell Division / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Drug Discovery
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Female
  • G-Quadruplexes*
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Imidazoles / pharmacology
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Models, Molecular
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / drug effects
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / biosynthesis*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics
  • Tumor Stem Cell Assay
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Carbazoles
  • Imidazoles
  • Ligands
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc