Genetic deletion of CD38 confers post-ischemic myocardial protection through preserved pyridine nucleotides

Abstract

Following the onset of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), CD38 activation occurs and is associated with depletion of NAD(P)(H) in the heart as well as myocardial injury and endothelial dysfunction. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors suggest that the NADP⁺-hydrolyzing ability of CD38 can deplete the NAD(P)(H) pools. However, there is a need for more specific studies on the importance of CD38 and its role in the process of endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury in the post-ischemic heart. Therefore, experiments were performed in hearts of mice with global gene knockout of CD38. Isolated perfused CD38^-/- and wild type (WT) mouse hearts were studied to determine the link between CD38 activation, the levels of NADP(H), endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial injury after I/R. Genetic deletion of CD38 preserves the myocardial and endothelial NADP(H) pools compared to WT. Whole heart BH₄ levels in CD38^-/- hearts were also preserved. Post-ischemic levels of cGMP were greatly depleted in WT hearts, but preserved to near baseline levels in CD38^-/- hearts. The preservation of these metabolite pools in CD38^-/- hearts was accompanied by near full recovery of NOS-dependent coronary flow, while in WT hearts, severe impairment of endothelial function and NOS uncoupling occurred with decreased NO and enhanced superoxide generation. CD38^-/- hearts also exhibited marked protection against I/R with preserved glutathione levels, increased recovery of left ventricular contractile function, decreased myocyte enzyme release, and decreased infarct size. Thus, CD38 activation causes post-ischemic depletion of NADP(H) within the heart, with severe depletion from the endothelium, resulting in endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury.

Keywords: Coronary circulation; Endothelium; Ischemia; Nitric oxide; Oxidant stress.