[Motor imagery: a systematic review of its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of the upper limb following a stroke]

Rev Neurol. 2018 Mar 1;66(5):137-146.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Motor imagery or mental practice of movement is a relatively new intervention that is being used on an increasingly more frequently basis in the treatment of stroke patients. It consists in the person evoking a movement or gesture in order to learn or improve its execution. Neuroimaging studies have shown that imagining movements activates neuronal patterns that are similar to those produced when they are actually performed.

Patients and methods: A systematic review was conducted between January and June 2017 in the Web of Science, PubMed, CINHAL, PEDro and Scopus databases to select clinical trials carried out with stroke patients in whom this technique was used as rehabilitation. Thirteen randomised clinical trials were included. The characteristics of the studies and the measures of results were summarised and the evidence of their outcomes was described.

Results: Most of the studies found significant differences in terms of improved motor rehabilitation of the upper limb among the subjects in the experimental groups. Only one of the studies failed to show any evidence of its effectiveness in isolation. None of them made any reference to its effectiveness in improving sensory alterations.

Conclusions: Motor imagery, combined with conventional therapy (physiotherapy or occupational therapy), seems to have positive effects on the motor rehabilitation of the upper limb following a stroke. Further research is needed to improve the heterogeneity of the interventions and to evaluate their effectiveness in the long term.

Title: Imagineria motora: revision sistematica de su efectividad en la rehabilitacion de la extremidad superior tras un ictus.

Introduccion. La imagineria motora o practica mental del movimiento es una intervencion relativamente nueva, cada vez mas empleada en el tratamiento del paciente con ictus. Consiste en la evocacion, por parte de la persona, de un movimiento o gesto para aprender o mejorar su ejecucion. Estudios de neuroimagen han demostrado que la imaginacion de movimientos activa patrones neuronales similares a su ejecucion. Pacientes y metodos. Se ha realizado una revision sistematica entre enero y junio de 2017 en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, CINHAL, PEDro y Scopus, seleccionando los ensayos clinicos llevados a cabo con pacientes con ictus en los que se empleara esta tecnica como intervencion rehabilitadora. Se incluyeron 13 estudios clinicos aleatorizados. Se resumieron las caracteristicas de los estudios y las medidas de resultados, y se describio la evidencia de sus resultados. Resultados. La mayor parte de los estudios encuentran diferencias de mejora significativas en la rehabilitacion motora de la extremidad superior entre los sujetos de los grupos experimentales. Solo uno de los estudios no mostro evidencia de su efectividad de forma aislada. En ninguno se hace referencia a su efectividad en la mejora de las alteraciones sensitivas. Conclusiones. La imagineria motora, combinada con terapia convencional (fisioterapia o terapia ocupacional), parece tener efectos positivos en la rehabilitacion motora de la extremidad superior tras un ictus. Se precisan mas estudios que mejoren la heterogeneidad de las intervenciones y que valoren su efectividad a largo plazo.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Arm / physiopathology*
  • Body Image
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Humans
  • Imagery, Psychotherapy*
  • Motor Activity*
  • Occupational Therapy
  • Physical Therapy Modalities
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Recovery of Function
  • Stroke Rehabilitation / methods*
  • Stroke Rehabilitation / psychology
  • Treatment Outcome