Epinephrine

Excerpt

Epinephrine, a widely used medication and hormone, is critical in managing various medical conditions due to its potent action on the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis), managing hypotension from septic shock, and inducing mydriasis during intraocular surgeries. Epinephrine exerts its effects through α- and β-adrenergic receptors with dose-dependent actions as a sympathomimetic catecholamine. Low doses primarily activate β-receptors, enhancing bronchodilation and cardiac activity, while higher doses engage α-receptors to induce vasoconstriction and increase vascular tone. Adverse effects of the drug include tachycardia, hypertension, headache, anxiety, and tremors.