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. 2018 Feb 26;19(3):657.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19030657.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Film Containing Re-Doped MoS₂ Nanoparticles

Hila Shalom  1 , Yishay Feldman  2 , Rita Rosentsveig  3 , Iddo Pinkas  4 , Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri  5 , Alexey Moshkovich  6 , Vladislav Perfilyev  7 , Lev Rapoport  8 , Reshef Tenne  9
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Film Containing Re-Doped MoS₂ Nanoparticles

Hila Shalom et al. Int J Mol Sci. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Films combining hydroxyapatite (HA) with minute amounts (ca. 1 weight %) of (rhenium doped) fullerene-like MoS₂ (IF) nanoparticles were deposited onto porous titanium substrate through electrophoretic process (EPD). The films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The SEM analysis showed relatively uniform coatings of the HA + IF on the titanium substrate. Chemical composition analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the coatings revealed the presence of calcium phosphate minerals like hydroxyapatite, as a majority phase. Tribological tests were undertaken showing that the IF nanoparticles endow the HA film very low friction and wear characteristics. Such films could be of interest for various medical technologies. Means for improving the adhesion of the film to the underlying substrate and its fracture toughness, without compromising its biocompatibility are discussed at the end.

Keywords: electrophoretic deposition; hydroxyapatite; inorganic fullerene-like; nanoparticles; tribology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) image of Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles powder in In-lens detector 5 kV; (b) high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM) image of Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticle (see experimental section for details).
Figure 2
Figure 2
HRSEM pictures of HA with Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles coating obtained from solution A on porous titanium substrate in two magnifications: (a) 100 μm ; (b) 2 μm. The film is continuous but visibly is heavily cracked.
Figure 3
Figure 3
HRSEM images of the HA film with Re:IF-MoS2 obtained from solution A after 2 (a), 3 (b), and 4 h (c) deposition. The Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles in the film (c) are observed in the backscattering electron (BSE) mode (d). The arrows in Figure 3d point on the Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles occluded in the HA film.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Zeta-potential vs. pH for Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles. The (positive) ZP of the genuine solutions used for EPD of the HA + IF film are marked by enlarged symbols.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) XRD patterns of the HA films incorporating Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles: film obtained from solution A (1), solution B (2) and solution C (3); (b) shows the XRD pattern of the film obtained from solution A (3 h) after annealing (700 °C for 1 h). Here, a strong crystalline peak associated with calcium pyrophosphate phase (Ca2(P2O7)) is observed. This phase is obtained through water evaporation from the HA (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) film. The presence of the Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles did not change appreciably upon annealing, suggesting that these NP are thermally stable at the annealing conditions.
Figure 6
Figure 6
XRD patterns: Films obtained from solution A without the Re:IF-MoS2 NP (a) and (with the IF NP) for different deposition periods: after 2 h (b), 3 h (c) and 4 h (d).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Raman spectra of HA powder film without (a) and with the Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles obtained from solution A for different EPD periods: after 2 (b), 3 (c) and 4 h (d).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Optical image of wear on the ball and inside the track of HA film without (a) and with the Re:IF-MoS2 nanoparticles obtained from solution A for different periods: after 2 h (b), 3 h (c) and 4 h (d) on anodized titanium.
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