[Epilepsy, cognition and ketogenic diet]

Rev Neurol. 2018 Mar 1;66(S01):S71-S75.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Most individuals with epilepsy will respond to pharmacologic treatment; however, approximately 20-30% will develop medically refractory epilepsy. Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs are common and can negatively affect tolerability, compliance, and long-term retention of the treatment. Ketogenic diet is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for these children with refractory epilepsy without any negative effect on cognition or behavior.

Aim: To review the current state of experimental and clinical data concerning the neuroprotective and cognitive effects of the ketogenic diet in both humans and animals.

Development: In different animal models, with or without epilepsy, the ketogenic diet seems to have neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects. In the observational studies in pediatric epilepsy, improvements during treatment with the ketogenic diet are reported in behavior and cognitive function, particularly with respect to attention, alertness, activity level, socialization, and sleep quality. One randomized controlled trial in patients with pediatric refractory epilepsy showed a mood and cognitive activation during ketogenic diet treatment.

Conclusions: Ketogenic diet shows a positive impact on behavioral and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy. More specifically, an improvement is observed in mood, sustained attention, and social interaction.

Title: Epilepsia, cognicion y dieta cetogenica.

Introduccion. Aunque generalmente se controlan bien con medicacion, hasta un 20-30% de las epilepsias infantiles son refractarias al tratamiento farmacologico. Los efectos adversos cognitivos de los farmacos antiepilepticos son frecuentes y pueden afectar negativamente la tolerabilidad, el cumplimiento y el mantenimiento a largo plazo del tratamiento antiepileptico. La dieta cetogenica es un tratamiento eficaz y bien tolerado para las epilepsias infantiles refractarias y no muestra efectos adversos negativos sobre cognicion o conducta. Objetivo. Revisar la evidencia actual existente con respecto a los estudios experimentales y clinicos que analizan los efectos neuroprotectores y cognitivos de la dieta cetogenica, tanto en humanos como en animales de experimentacion. Desarrollo. La dieta cetogenica muestra efectos neuroprotectores y estabilizadores del estado de animo en diversos modelos animales, con o sin epilepsia. En los estudios observacionales en epilepsia infantil se refieren mejorias en cognicion y conducta durante el tratamiento con dieta cetogenica, especialmente evidentes en atencion, nivel de alerta y actividad, socializacion y calidad del sueño. En un estudio aleatorizado controlado en pacientes con epilepsia infantil refractaria, la dieta cetogenica mostro una activacion evolutiva evidente sobre la cognicion y el estado de animo. Conclusiones. La dieta cetogenica tiene un impacto positivo sobre el funcionamiento conductual y cognitivo en niños y adolescentes con epilepsia refractaria. Esta mejoria es mas evidente con respecto a estado de animo, atencion sostenida e interaccion social.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aging / psychology
  • Alzheimer Disease / diet therapy
  • Animals
  • Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / diet therapy
  • Child
  • Child Behavior*
  • Cognition Disorders / diet therapy*
  • Cognition Disorders / etiology
  • Cognition Disorders / prevention & control
  • Cognition*
  • Diet, Ketogenic* / adverse effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Drug Resistant Epilepsy / diet therapy*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / deficiency
  • Observational Studies as Topic
  • Quality of Life
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred F344
  • Tuberous Sclerosis / diet therapy

Substances

  • Monosaccharide Transport Proteins

Supplementary concepts

  • Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome