Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II is an actin-based motor that executes numerous mechanical tasks in cells including spatiotemporal organization of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion, migration, cytokinesis, tissue remodeling, and membrane trafficking. Nonmuscle myosin II is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs. Recent studies reveal novel specific aspects of their kinetics, intracellular regulation and functions. On the other hand, the three paralogs also can copolymerize and cooperate in cells. Here we review the recent advances from the prospective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cell.
Keywords:
Actin; Cytoskeleton; Myosin II; Stress fibers.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Actin Cytoskeleton / genetics
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Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
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Actin Cytoskeleton / ultrastructure
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Actins / chemistry*
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Actins / genetics
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Actins / metabolism
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Animals
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Biomechanical Phenomena
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Cell Adhesion
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Cell Movement
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Cytokinesis / genetics
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Eukaryotic Cells / metabolism
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Eukaryotic Cells / ultrastructure
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Extracellular Matrix / chemistry*
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Extracellular Matrix / genetics
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Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
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Gene Expression
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Humans
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Mammals
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Myosin Heavy Chains / chemistry*
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Myosin Heavy Chains / genetics
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Myosin Heavy Chains / metabolism
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Myosin Type II / chemistry*
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Myosin Type II / genetics
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Myosin Type II / metabolism
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA / chemistry*
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA / genetics
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA / metabolism
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB / chemistry*
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB / genetics
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB / metabolism
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Protein Multimerization
Substances
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Actins
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MYH14 protein, human
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Myosin Type II
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA
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Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB
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Myosin Heavy Chains