The hypocholesterolemic effect of Lonicera caerulea berry extract rich in polyphenols (LCBP) on high cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia and lipoprotein metabolite changes was examined in Caco-2 cells and rats. Cyanidin-3-glucoside, catechin, and chlorogenic acid are the major phenolic components of LCBP. The cholesterol-reducing effect and antioxidant capacity of these components were compared in Caco-2 cells. LCBP (80 μg/mL) and cyanidin-3-glucoside, catechin, and chlorogenic acid (50 μM) were found to be effective (p < 0.05). Rats were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) with or without LCBP supplementation (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight intragastrically once daily) for 12 weeks. Compared with the HCD control group, LCBP supplementation at 150 and 300 mg/kg decreased the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, but increased that of HDL-C. LCBP treatment promoted greater neutral and acidic sterol excretion (p < 0.05) and improved the antioxidant capacity of the colon tissue, colon contents, and blood. Moreover, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels were decreased in serum (p < 0.05). NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTP mRNA and protein expression were reduced and ABCG5/8 expression was increased (p < 0.05) after LCBP treatment. Our results suggest that LCBP could be used as a functional food for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to excessive cholesterol accumulation.
Keywords: 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (PubChem CID: 6474310); Antioxidant; Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064); Chlorogenic acid (PubChem CID: 1794427); Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (PubChem CID: 441688); Cyanidin-3-glucoside (PubChem CID: 441667); Cyanidin-3-rutinoside (PubChem CID: 44256716); Delphinidin-3-rutinoside (PubChem CID: 44256887); Hyperoside (PubChem CID: 5281643); Hypocholesterolemic activity; Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 5280637); Neochlorogenic acid (PubChem CID: 5280633); Pelargonidin-3-glucoside (PubChem CID: 443648); Peonidin-3-glucoside (PubChem CID: 443654); Peonidin-3-rutinoside (PubChem CID: 44256842); Polyphenols; Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 25203368); Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (PubChem CID: 5280805); Reduced absorption; Vanillic acid (PubChem CID: 8468); Wild Lonicera caerulea berry.
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