Severe acute haemolytic anaemia associated with severe methaemoglobinaemia in a G6PD-deficient man

BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Mar 28:2018:bcr2017223369. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223369.

Abstract

Methaemoglobin is a form of haemoglobin in which the ferrous (Fe2+) ion contained in the iron-porphyrin complex of haem is oxidised to its ferric (Fe3+) state. Methaemoglobinaemia, the presence of methaemoglobin in the blood, is most commonly treated with methylene blue. However, methylene blue cannot be used in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as it is ineffective in such patients and it can worsen G6PD deficiency haemolysis. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with clinical features of G6PD deficiency-associated haemolysis and was found to have severe methaemoglobinaemia (35%). He was administered blood transfusions and intravenous ascorbic acid. His methaemoglobinaemia resolved within 24 hours. This case demonstrates the successful management of a patient with severe methaemoglobinaemia in the setting of G6PD deficiency haemolysis. Emergency physicians should be aware of the possible co-occurrence of severe methaemoglobinaemia in a patient with G6PD deficiency haemolysis.

Keywords: emergency medicine; general practice / family medicine; haematology (drugs and medicines); haematology (incl blood transfusion).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adult
  • Anemia, Hemolytic / complications*
  • Anemia, Hemolytic / therapy
  • Antioxidants / therapeutic use
  • Ascorbic Acid / therapeutic use
  • Blood Transfusion / methods
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / complications*
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / therapy
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methemoglobinemia / complications*
  • Methemoglobinemia / therapy
  • Nepal
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Ascorbic Acid