Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the one-step synthesis of ultrathin α-Co(OH)2 nanomeshes by an imidazole-directed route. The α-Co(OH)2 nanomeshes combine the advantages of ultrathin thickness (3 nm), small mesopores (3.7 nm), large specific surface area (181.1 m2 g-1) and high surface oxygen vacancy density, which exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.