Effect of chemical surface treatment of titanium on its bond with dental ceramics

Monika Parchańska-Kowalik; Emilia Wołowiec-Korecka; Leszek Klimek

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.025

Effect of chemical surface treatment of titanium on its bond with dental ceramics

J Prosthet Dent. 2018 Sep;120(3):470-475. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.025. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Authors

Monika Parchańska-Kowalik¹, Emilia Wołowiec-Korecka², Leszek Klimek³

Affiliations

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Techniques, Medical University of Lodz and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
² Assistant Professor, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: emilia.wolowiec@p.lodz.pl.
³ Clinical Professor, Department of Dental Techniques, Medical University of Lodz and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland; Full Professor, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.

PMID: 29627218
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.025

Abstract

Statement of problem: Airborne-particle abrasion of titanium is a clinically accepted method of surface preparation. As a side effect of airborne-particle abrasion, particles of the abrasive material get embedded into the surface. How particle presence or removal from the titanium surface affects the strength of the titanium-ceramic bond is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of removing Al₂O₃ particles embedded into the surface by means of chemical surface treatment on the strength of the titanium-ceramic bond.

Material and methods: Titanium (TritanCpTi 1, Dentaurum, 99.5% Ti) disks were airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al₂O₃ at a pressure of 0.4 MPa and an angle of approximately 45 degrees. The surface was etched chemically using 1 of 8 reagents, and the veneering ceramic applied and fired. The strength of the metal-ceramic bond was determined using the shear strength test. Further, the effect of thermal fatigue on the bond strength was evaluated. The results were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). Fractographic investigations and microscopic tests were also performed to determine the quality of the titanium-ceramic bond.

Results: Effective etching of the titanium surface and removal of Al₂O₃ particles included a 30% water solution of HNO₃ + 3% HF, a mixture of HNO₃ + HF + glycerin, a 4% solution of HF in H₂O₂, and a 4% solution of HF in H₂O. A statistically significant difference (of about 50%) in bond strength was found between the groups subjected to chemical etching and the control group (P<.05). Additionally, a statistically significant difference (about 25%) was found after thermocycling (P<.05).

Conclusions: Removing the Al₂O₃ particles embedded into the titanium surface after airborne-particle abrasion lowers the strength of the titanium-ceramic bond (P<.05). Thermocycling also weakens the strength of the titanium-ceramic bond, regardless of the surface preparation (P<.05).

MeSH terms

Air Abrasion, Dental
Aluminum Oxide
Ceramics / therapeutic use*
Dental Bonding*
Dental Prosthesis
Humans
Metal Ceramic Alloys / therapeutic use*
Surface Properties
Titanium*

Substances

Metal Ceramic Alloys
Titanium
Aluminum Oxide