Background: Reversible lesions of the corpus callosum with initial restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are rare and mainly described in the south Asiatic population.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, prognosis and etiology of transient restricted diffusion lesions of the corpus callosum in a series of Caucasian children.
Materials and methods: Seven children presenting with a transient restricted DWI lesion of the corpus callosum were included. Their clinical presentations and paraclinical examinations were investigated in addition to their MRI findings during the acute phase and at follow-up.
Results: Five patients initially presenting with prodromal flu-like symptoms were diagnosed with mild encephalopathy with reversible corpus callosum lesions, three of which were due to the influenza virus. For two patients (twins) with a stroke-like presentation and without febrile illness, a central nervous system manifestation of X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with connexin 32 mutation was diagnosed. All patients had a good clinical prognosis without clinical sequelae or residual MRI lesion for all patients at follow-up.
Conclusion: A transient lesion of the corpus callosum with restricted diffusion should prompt the radiologist to suggest an infectious trigger in children. The prognosis of these patients was good with normalization of clinical symptoms and MRI without any specific treatment.
Keywords: Central nervous system infections; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; Children; Corpus callosum; Diffusion-weighted imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Reversible focal lesion.