Children with mucopolysaccharidosis risk progressive visual dysfunction despite haematopoietic stem cell transplants

Acta Paediatr. 2018 Nov;107(11):1995-2003. doi: 10.1111/apa.14368. Epub 2018 May 23.

Abstract

Aim: This prospective study assessed the long-term ocular and visual outcomes of children with mucopolysaccharidoses type I Hurler syndrome (MPS IH) who were treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT).

Methods: Clinical ophthalmological assessments were performed on eight patients at the St Erik Eye Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, from 2001-2018: The median age at diagnosis and HSCT were 12.2 (range 5.0-16.4) and 16.7 (8.0-20.4) months. The last eye examination was at a median of 13.4 (6.3-19.0) years and follow-up lasted a median of 12.0 (5.0-17.4) years.

Results: Poor visual acuity, poor night vision and, or, photophobia were reported by six children. The best corrected visual acuity at the last visit was a median of 0.4 and 0.5 in the right and left eye and had declined significantly in two patients. Corneal opacities had increased despite HSCT in five patients. High hyperopia, at a median of +6 Dioptres, occurred in all patients and stiff corneas in all four patients that were measured. The patients' corrected intraocular pressures were normal. Retinal degeneration was identified in two patients.

Conclusion: Despite HSCT, the long-term follow-up of patients with MPS IH showed reduced visual acuity due to corneal opacities or retinal degeneration.

Keywords: Corneal opacity; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Mucopolysaccharidosis; Retinal degeneration; Visual acuity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cornea / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Mucopolysaccharidoses / complications*
  • Mucopolysaccharidoses / physiopathology
  • Mucopolysaccharidoses / therapy
  • Prospective Studies
  • Refraction, Ocular
  • Retina / physiopathology*
  • Strabismus
  • Vision Disorders / etiology*
  • Visual Acuity
  • Young Adult