We report a case of misdirection of an indwelling urethral catheter into the ureter. An 86-year-old women with neurogenic bladder had been undergoing chronic indwelling urethral catheter exchange for 1 year. She was referred to our hospital owing to lower abdominal pain and gross hematuria. A computed tomographic scan showed an indwelling urethral catheter in the right ureter. Retrograde ureterography showed that the ureter had no leakage and the catheter was removed under fluoroscopic guidance. Urethral catheterization is a common procedure. We reviewed 23 cases of an indwelling urethral catheter entering the ureter and we consider that this misdirection occurs particularly among female patients with neurogenic bladder.