Influence of the width of keratinized tissue on the development and resolution of experimental peri-implant mucositis lesions in humans

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018 Jun;29(6):576-582. doi: 10.1111/clr.13155. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the influence of the width of keratinized mucosa (KM) on the development and resolution of experimental peri-implant mucositis lesions at abutments with different microstructures in humans.

Material and methods: In a randomized, controlled study, a total of 28 patients had received 28 target implants exhibiting a KM ≥2 mm. These were randomly connected with either partially microgrooved- (test) (n = 15) or machined (control) (n = 13) healing abutments. The study protocol included a wound healing period (WH) following implant placement (12 weeks), a plaque exposure phase (EP) of 21 days (EPd21) and a resolution phase (RP) including visits at 2, 4, and 16 weeks (RPw2; RPw4; RPw16) following plaque removal. Linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between the width of KM and clinical outcomes (i.e., modified plaque index [mPI], modified gingival index [mGI], bleeding on probing [BOP], and probing depth [PD]).

Results: Mean and median KM values (end of WH) were 5.9 ± 2.6 and 5.0 mm (min: 2 mm; max: 10 mm; interquartile range: 5 mm) at test- and 5.5 ± 2.6 and 4.0 mm (min: 3 mm; max: 11 mm interquartile range: 4 mm) at control abutments. The linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the width of KM and mPI (test: RPw2; control: RPw16), mGI (test: RPw16), BOP (both: RPw16), and PD (test: RPw16; control: EPd21, RPw2, RPw4, RPw16) scores.

Conclusion: The width of KM (≥2 mm) had some effects on the development (i.e., at 21 days) and resolution of experimental peri-implant mucositis lesions at both abutment types.

Keywords: clinical study; keratinized tissue; onset; peri-implant mucositis; progression; therapy.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Dental Abutments / adverse effects*
  • Dental Implantation, Endosseous / adverse effects*
  • Dental Implantation, Endosseous / instrumentation
  • Dental Implantation, Endosseous / methods
  • Dental Plaque / complications
  • Dental Plaque / pathology
  • Dental Plaque Index
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Keratins / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Mouth Mucosa / pathology*
  • Peri-Implantitis / etiology*
  • Peri-Implantitis / pathology
  • Periodontal Index
  • Stomatitis / etiology*
  • Stomatitis / pathology

Substances

  • Keratins