High orange juice consumption with or in-between three meals a day differently affects energy balance in healthy subjects

Nutr Diabetes. 2018 Apr 25;8(1):19. doi: 10.1038/s41387-018-0031-3.

Abstract

Sugar-containing beverages like orange juice can be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes although the underlying mechanisms are less clear. We aimed to investigate if intake of orange juice with or in-between meals differently affects energy balance or metabolic risk. Twenty-six healthy adults (24.7 ± 3.2 y; BMI 23.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2) participated in a 4-week cross-over intervention and consumed orange juice (20% of energy requirement) either together with 3 meals/d (WM) or in-between 3 meals/d (BM) at ad libitum energy intake. Basal and postprandial insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), daylong glycaemia, glucose variability and insulin secretion were assessed. Body fat mass was measured by air-displacement plethysmography. After BM-intervention, fat mass increased (+1.0 ± 1.8 kg; p < 0.05) and postprandial insulin sensitivity tended to decrease (ΔMatsudaISI: -0.89 ± 2.3; p = 0.06). By contrast, after WM-intervention fat mass and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased (-0.30 ± 0.65 kg; -2.50 ± 3.94; both p < 0.05), whereas glucose variability was higher (ΔMAGE: +0.45 ± 0.59, p < 0.05). Daylong glycaemia, insulin secretion, changes in basal insulin sensitivity, and triglycerides did not differ between WM- and BM-interventions (all p > 0.05). In young healthy adults, a conventional 3-meal structure with orange juice consumed together with meals had a favorable impact on energy balance, whereas juice consumption in-between meals may contribute to a gain in body fat and adverse metabolic effects.

Publication types

  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adipose Tissue / metabolism
  • Adult
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Body Mass Index
  • Citrus sinensis*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diet
  • Dietary Sugars / administration & dosage*
  • Dietary Sugars / pharmacology
  • Energy Intake
  • Energy Metabolism / drug effects*
  • Feeding Behavior*
  • Female
  • Fruit and Vegetable Juices*
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Male
  • Meals*
  • Postprandial Period
  • Reference Values
  • Triglycerides / blood
  • Young Adult
  • gamma-Glutamyltransferase / blood

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Dietary Sugars
  • Insulin
  • Triglycerides
  • gamma-Glutamyltransferase