DNA barcode is a fragment of short DNA sequence from a standard part of the genome. DNA barcoding is an effective taxonomic method for species identification through analyzing the DNA barcodes. With the dramatic increasing of DNA barcode sequences, the analysis methods have developed rapidly, which promoted their applications in molecular identification for organisms. Since 2003, DNA barcoding has been widely used in species identification for animals, plants, fungi, etc. It has also robustly promoted the development of scientific disciplines, such as taxonomy, biodiversity science, and ecology. Based on review of DNA barcoding techniques, we summarized five main analysis methods on DNA barcodes, i.e. the genetic distance-, genetic similarity-, phylogenetic tree-, sequence characters-, and statistical classification-based methods. Moreover, we proposed a prospect for research and applications of DNA barcoding in the future.
DNA条形码是一段短的、标准化的DNA序列,DNA条形码技术通过对DNA条形码序列分析实现物种的有效鉴定.随着生物DNA条形码序列的大量测定,DNA条形码分析方法得到迅速发展,推动了其在生物分子鉴定中的应用.2003年以来,DNA条形码技术已广泛应用于动物、植物和真菌等物种的鉴定,并有力地推动了生物分类学、生物多样性和生态学等学科的发展.本文在综述DNA条形码技术的基础上,总结了5类主要的DNA条形码分析方法,即基于遗传距离的分析、基于遗传相似度的分析、基于系统发育树的分析、基于序列特征的分析和基于统计分类法的分析,并进一步展望了DNA条形码技术的发展与应用.
Keywords: DNA barcode; genetic distance; genetic similarity; molecular identification; phylogenetic tree; sequence character; statistical classification.