Micro/nano hierarchical structured titanium treated by NH4OH/H2O2 for enhancing cell response

PLoS One. 2018 May 3;13(5):e0196366. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196366. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

In this paper, two kinds of titanium surfaces with novel micro/nano hierarchical structures, namely Etched (E) surface and Sandblast and etched (SE) surface, were successfully fabricated by NH4OH and H2O2 mixture. And their cellular responses of MG63 were investigated compared with Sandblast and acid-etching (SLA) surface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Surface profiler, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Contact angle instrument were employed to assess the surface morphologies, roughness, chemistry and wettability respectively. Hierarchical structures with micro holes of 10-30 μm in diameter and nano pits of tens of nanometers in diameter formed on both E and SE surfaces. The size of micro holes is very close to osteoblast cell, which makes them wonderful beds for osteoblast. Moreover, these two kinds of surfaces possess similar roughness and superior hydrophilicity to SLA. Reactive oxygen species were detected on E and SE surface, and thus considerable antimicrobial performance and well fixation can be speculated on them. The cell experiments also demonstrated a boost in cell attachment, and that proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were achieved on them, especially on SE surface. The results indicate that the treatment of pure titanium with H2O2/NH4OH is an effective technique to improve the initial stability of implants and enhance the osseointegration, which may be a promising surface treatment to titanium implant.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ammonium Hydroxide
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Nanotechnology
  • Osseointegration
  • Osteoblasts / cytology
  • Prostheses and Implants*
  • Surface Properties
  • Titanium / chemistry*

Substances

  • Ammonium Hydroxide
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Titanium

Grants and funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51601226), National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YEB0301402), the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, and the Open-End Fund for Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South University for financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.