Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is a most frequent sex chromosomal disorder in males, which is characterized by hypogonadism and infertility. The development of assisted reproductive technology has made it possible for KS males to father children. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) is widely considered to be the best method for sperm retrieval in KS patients. This article presents an overview on mTESE for men with non-mosaic KS in the aspects of its predictors, sperm retrieval rate, operation procedure, preoperative hormonal therapy, and postoperative complications and testosterone reduction.
Klinefelter综合征（KS）是男性最常见的性染色体异常疾病，第二性征发育迟滞或不发育及不育是其最常见临床表现。随着现代辅助生殖技术的发展，KS患者拥有自己遗传学意义后代成为可能。显微睾丸取精术（mTESE）是公认的最佳取精术式，本文就其预测指标、取精成功率、手术方法、术后并发症、术前性激素替代治疗及术后睾酮下降等问题进行综述。.
Keywords: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; male infertility; microdissection testicular sperm extraction; non-obstructive azoospermia; pre-implantation diagnosis; sperm retrieval; testosterone; Klinefelter's syndrome.