Bone remodeling requires an intimate cross-talk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is tightly coordinated with regulatory proteins that interact through complex autocrine/paracrine processes. Osteocytes, bone lining cells, osteomacs and vascular endothelial cells also regulate bone remodeling in the basic multicellular unit (BMU) via cell signaling networks of ligand-receptor complexes. In addition, through secreted and membrane-bound factors in the bone microenvironment, T and B lymphocytes mediate bone homeostasis for osteoimmunology. Osteoporosis and other bone diseases occur because multicellular communication within the BMU is disrupted. This review focuses on the roles of the cells in the BMU and the interaction between these cells and the factors involved in regulating bone remodeling at the cellular level. Understanding the process of bone remodeling and related genes could help us to lay the foundation for drug development against bone diseases.
骨重建是一个不断进行骨吸收与骨形成的平衡动态过程，需要成骨细胞和破骨细胞的紧密配合，并经由复杂的旁分泌和自分泌途径，被相关调节蛋白紧密地调控。骨细胞、骨被覆细胞、骨巨噬细胞以及血管内皮细胞在基础多细胞单位（BMU）中均通过配体-受体复合物的细胞信号网络参与到骨重建调节过程中。此外，T 淋巴细胞和 B 淋巴细胞通过处于骨微环境中的分泌型和膜结合型因子，也参与到骨重建过程中，在骨免疫中调节骨的内稳态。在骨重建的过程中，常由于 BMU 中的细胞间连接被破坏，导致多发骨质疏松症和其他骨疾病发生。本文主要从细胞水平上描述骨重建过程中的细胞间联系、分子基础和新型旁分泌或偶联因子，了解骨重建过程和相关基因，有助于对骨质疏松等骨科疾病的药物开发奠定基础。.
Keywords: bone remodeling; osteoblast; osteoclast; osteocyte.