Targeting the B-cell receptor pathway: a review of current and future therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2018 Jun;23(2):111-122. doi: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1479396. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Abstract

The B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway is a crucial aspect of mature lymphocytes and is maintained in B-cell neoplasms. Many small module inhibitors targeting kinases within the BCR pathway are approved, with others in development, offering alternative treatment options to standard chemoimmunotherapy. Areas covered: This review covers both approved inhibitors and investigational inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. To collect relevant articles, a literature search was completed through the use of PubMed and abstracts from ASH and ASCO national meetings. Search terms including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and BCR inhibitors, as well as the individual drug names, were utilized. The majority of included studies are dated from 2012 to March 2018. Expert opinion: BCR pathway inhibitors, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib, are novel treatments for non-Hodgkin lymphomas. While providing alternative treatment options to those with high-risk disease, poor functional status, and relapsed disease, outside of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), they have been limited to the relapsed/refractory setting. Their mechanisms of action, off/on-target effects, and resistance patterns create unique therapeutic dilemmas. It is our opinion that more specific inhibitors, as well as combination therapy, will define the future for BCR inhibitors.

Keywords: Acalabrutinib; B-Cell Receptor (BCR); Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK); Copanlisib; Ibrutinib; Idelalisib; Lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL); Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K).

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenine / analogs & derivatives
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Drug Design*
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / drug therapy*
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / pathology
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Piperidines
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Purines / pharmacology
  • Purines / therapeutic use
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology
  • Pyrazoles / therapeutic use
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology
  • Pyrimidines / therapeutic use
  • Quinazolinones / pharmacology
  • Quinazolinones / therapeutic use
  • Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / metabolism

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Piperidines
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Purines
  • Pyrazoles
  • Pyrimidines
  • Quinazolinones
  • Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
  • ibrutinib
  • Adenine
  • idelalisib