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. 2018 Jul 1;75(7):751-754.
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1020.

Association Between Groundwater Lithium and the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder and Dementia in the United States

William F Parker  1   2 , Rebecca J Gorges  3 , Y Nina Gao  4 , Yudong Zhang  5 , Kwan Hur  6 , Robert D Gibbons  1   6   7
Affiliations

Association Between Groundwater Lithium and the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder and Dementia in the United States

William F Parker et al. JAMA Psychiatry. .

Abstract

This study examines the association between groundwater lithium and diagnoses of bipolar disorder and dementia in the United States, adjusting for local health care resources and demographics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Relative Risk of Bipolar Disorder and Dementia by County Lithium Concentration, Modeled as a Restricted Cubic Spline and Adjusted for County Covariates
A, After adjustment for local health resources and demographics, the relative risk is not significantly different from 1 at almost all concentrations of lithium, and the joint test of the lithium spline terms is nonsignificant. B, Similarly, there is no significant association between lithium exposure and the relative risk of dementia after adjustment.
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