Oxidative stress and aging: Learning from yeast lessons

Abstract

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has played a vital role in the understanding of the molecular basis of aging and the relationship of aging process with oxidative stress (non-homeostatic accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS). The mammalian and yeast antioxidant responses are similar and over 25 % of human-degenerative disease related genes have close homologues in yeast. The reduced genetic redundancy of yeast facilitates visualization of the effect of a deleted or mutated gene. By manipulating growth conditions, yeast cells can survive only fermenting (low ROS levels) or respiring (increased ROS levels), which facilitates the elucidation of the mechanisms involved with acquisition of tolerance to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the yeast databases are the most complete of all eukaryotic models. In this work, we highlight the value of S. cerevisiae as a model to investigate the oxidative stress response and its potential impact on aging and age-related diseases.

Keywords: Cancer; Lifespan; Neurodegenerative diseases; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Saccharomyces cerevisiae.