Vulvar Melanoma with Isolated Metastasis to the Extraocular Muscles: Case Report and Brief Literature Review

Anticancer Res. 2018 Jun;38(6):3763-3766. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12658.

Abstract

Background/aim: Orbital metastasis of systemic cancer is exceedingly rare. This is a case report of a patient treated for locally recurrent vulvar melanoma who later presented with unilateral proptosis and was found to have an isolated biopsy-proven extraocular muscle metastasis.

Patients and methods: A 94-year-old female with locally recurrent vulvar melanoma presented with eye discomfort and blurry vision. Patient underwent histopathological, genetic, and imaging studies.

Results: All prior work-up, including brain MRI and PET/CT, was negative for disease elsewhere from local recurrence. Orbital MRI demonstrated a mass involving the extraocular muscle, and immunohistochemistry staining of biopsy was consistent with metastasis. The patient underwent radiation therapy and tolerated treatment well.

Conclusion: This is the first reported case of vulvar melanoma with extraocular muscle metastasis. The absence of findings on imaging as part of the staging work-up underscores the importance of considering extraocular muscle (EOM) metastasis as a differential for patients with vulvar melanoma who present with proptosis.

Keywords: Vulvar melanoma; gynecologic cancer; orbital metastasis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Exophthalmos / etiology
  • Exophthalmos / radiotherapy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Melanoma / complications
  • Melanoma / pathology*
  • Melanoma / radiotherapy
  • Muscle Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Muscle Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Muscle Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Oculomotor Muscles / diagnostic imaging
  • Oculomotor Muscles / pathology
  • Oculomotor Muscles / radiation effects
  • Orbital Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Orbital Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Orbital Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vulvar Neoplasms / complications
  • Vulvar Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Vulvar Neoplasms / radiotherapy