Coffee and Tea Consumption and the Contribution of Their Added Ingredients to Total Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 10 European Countries: Benchmark Data from the Late 1990s

doi:10.3390/nu10060725

Comparative Study

. 2018 Jun 5;10(6):725.

doi: 10.3390/nu10060725.

Coffee and Tea Consumption and the Contribution of Their Added Ingredients to Total Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 10 European Countries: Benchmark Data from the Late 1990s

Edwige Landais¹, Aurélie Moskal², Amy Mullee^{3

4}, Geneviève Nicolas⁵, Marc J Gunter⁶, Inge Huybrechts⁷, Kim Overvad⁸, Nina Roswall⁹, Aurélie Affret¹⁰, Guy Fagherazzi¹¹, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh¹², Verena Katzke¹³, Tilman Kühn¹⁴, Carlo La Vecchia^{15

16}, Antonia Trichopoulou¹⁷, Elissavet Valanou¹⁸, Calogero Saieva¹⁹, Maria Santucci de Magistris²⁰, Sabina Sieri²¹, Tonje Braaten²², Guri Skeie²³, Elisabete Weiderpass^{24

25

26

27}, Eva Ardanaz^{28

29}, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque^{30

31

32}, Jose Ramon Garcia³³, Paula Jakszyn³⁴, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco^{35

36

37}, Louise Brunkwall³⁸, Ena Huseinovic³⁹, Lena Nilsson⁴⁰, Peter Wallström⁴¹, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita^{42

43}, Petra H Peeters⁴⁴, Dagfinn Aune⁴⁵, Tim Key⁴⁶, Marleen Lentjes⁴⁷, Elio Riboli⁴⁸, Nadia Slimani⁴⁹, Heinz Freisling⁵⁰

Affiliations

¹ UMR Nutripass, IRD-UM-Sup'Agro, 34394 Montpellier, France. edwige.landais@ird.fr.
² Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. MoskalA@iarc.fr.
³ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. amy.mullee@ucd.ie.
⁴ School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. amy.mullee@ucd.ie.
⁵ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. nicolasg@iarc.fr.
⁶ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. gunterM@iarc.fr.
⁷ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. huybrechtsi@iarc.fr.
⁸ Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, room 2.26, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. ko@ph.au.dk.
⁹ Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. roswall@cancer.dk.
¹⁰ Inserm CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France. AURELIE.AFFRET@gustaveroussy.fr.
¹¹ Inserm CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France. Guy.FAGHERAZZI@gustaveroussy.fr.
¹² Inserm CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France. Yahya.MAHAMAT-SALEH@gustaveroussy.fr.
¹³ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. V.Katzke@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de.
¹⁴ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. t.kuehn@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de.
¹⁵ Hellenic Health Foundation, 115 27 Athens, Greece. carlo.lavecchia@unimi.it.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy. carlo.lavecchia@unimi.it.
¹⁷ Hellenic Health Foundation, 115 27 Athens, Greece. atrichopoulou@hhf-greece.gr.
¹⁸ Hellenic Health Foundation, 115 27 Athens, Greece. valanou@hhf-greece.gr.
¹⁹ Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, 50139 Florence, Italy. c.saieva@ispo.toscana.it.
²⁰ A.O.U. FEDERICO II, 80131 Naples, Italy. masantuc@unina.it.
²¹ Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy. Sabina.sieri@istitutotumori.mi.it.
²² Department of Community Medicine UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. tonje.braaten@uit.no.
²³ Department of Community Medicine UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. guri.skeie@uit.no.
²⁴ Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁵ Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁶ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁷ Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinkiv, Finland. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁸ Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31003 Pamplona, Spain. me.ardanaz.aicua@cfnavarra.es.
²⁹ CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain. me.ardanaz.aicua@cfnavarra.es.
³⁰ CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain. mdolores.chirlaque@carm.es.
³¹ Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain. mdolores.chirlaque@carm.es.
³² Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain. mdolores.chirlaque@carm.es.
³³ EPIC Asturias, Public Health Directorate, Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. joseramon.quirosgarcia@asturias.org.
³⁴ Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain. paujak.ico@gmail.com.
³⁵ CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain. miguel.rodriguez.barranco.easp@juntadeandalucia.es.
³⁶ Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18011 Granada, Spain. miguel.rodriguez.barranco.easp@juntadeandalucia.es.
³⁷ Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain. miguel.rodriguez.barranco.easp@juntadeandalucia.es.
³⁸ Clinical Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. louise.brunkwall@med.lu.se.
³⁹ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. ena.huseinovic@gu.se.
⁴⁰ Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, and Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. lena.nilsson@umu.se.
⁴¹ Clinical Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. peter.wallstrom@med.lu.se.
⁴² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. basbuenodemesquita@gmail.com.
⁴³ Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. basbuenodemesquita@gmail.com.
⁴⁴ University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. P.H.M.Peeters@umcutrecht.nl.
⁴⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. d.aune@imperial.ac.uk.
⁴⁶ Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. tim.key@ceu.ox.ac.uk.
⁴⁷ Strangeways Research Laboratories, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK. marleen@srl.cam.ac.uk.
⁴⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. e.riboli@imperial.ac.uk.
⁴⁹ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. n.popovic@orange.fr.
⁵⁰ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. freislingh@iarc.fr.

PMID: 29874819
PMCID: PMC6024313
DOI: 10.3390/nu10060725

Comparative Study

Coffee and Tea Consumption and the Contribution of Their Added Ingredients to Total Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 10 European Countries: Benchmark Data from the Late 1990s

Edwige Landais et al. Nutrients. 2018.

. 2018 Jun 5;10(6):725.

doi: 10.3390/nu10060725.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ UMR Nutripass, IRD-UM-Sup'Agro, 34394 Montpellier, France. edwige.landais@ird.fr.
² Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. MoskalA@iarc.fr.
³ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. amy.mullee@ucd.ie.
⁴ School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. amy.mullee@ucd.ie.
⁵ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. nicolasg@iarc.fr.
⁶ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. gunterM@iarc.fr.
⁷ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. huybrechtsi@iarc.fr.
⁸ Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, room 2.26, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. ko@ph.au.dk.
⁹ Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. roswall@cancer.dk.
¹⁰ Inserm CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France. AURELIE.AFFRET@gustaveroussy.fr.
¹¹ Inserm CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France. Guy.FAGHERAZZI@gustaveroussy.fr.
¹² Inserm CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France. Yahya.MAHAMAT-SALEH@gustaveroussy.fr.
¹³ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. V.Katzke@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de.
¹⁴ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. t.kuehn@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de.
¹⁵ Hellenic Health Foundation, 115 27 Athens, Greece. carlo.lavecchia@unimi.it.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy. carlo.lavecchia@unimi.it.
¹⁷ Hellenic Health Foundation, 115 27 Athens, Greece. atrichopoulou@hhf-greece.gr.
¹⁸ Hellenic Health Foundation, 115 27 Athens, Greece. valanou@hhf-greece.gr.
¹⁹ Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, 50139 Florence, Italy. c.saieva@ispo.toscana.it.
²⁰ A.O.U. FEDERICO II, 80131 Naples, Italy. masantuc@unina.it.
²¹ Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy. Sabina.sieri@istitutotumori.mi.it.
²² Department of Community Medicine UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. tonje.braaten@uit.no.
²³ Department of Community Medicine UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. guri.skeie@uit.no.
²⁴ Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁵ Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁶ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁷ Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinkiv, Finland. Elisabete.Weiderpass@kreftregisteret.no.
²⁸ Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31003 Pamplona, Spain. me.ardanaz.aicua@cfnavarra.es.
²⁹ CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain. me.ardanaz.aicua@cfnavarra.es.
³⁰ CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain. mdolores.chirlaque@carm.es.
³¹ Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain. mdolores.chirlaque@carm.es.
³² Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain. mdolores.chirlaque@carm.es.
³³ EPIC Asturias, Public Health Directorate, Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. joseramon.quirosgarcia@asturias.org.
³⁴ Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain. paujak.ico@gmail.com.
³⁵ CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain. miguel.rodriguez.barranco.easp@juntadeandalucia.es.
³⁶ Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18011 Granada, Spain. miguel.rodriguez.barranco.easp@juntadeandalucia.es.
³⁷ Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain. miguel.rodriguez.barranco.easp@juntadeandalucia.es.
³⁸ Clinical Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. louise.brunkwall@med.lu.se.
³⁹ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. ena.huseinovic@gu.se.
⁴⁰ Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, and Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. lena.nilsson@umu.se.
⁴¹ Clinical Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. peter.wallstrom@med.lu.se.
⁴² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. basbuenodemesquita@gmail.com.
⁴³ Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. basbuenodemesquita@gmail.com.
⁴⁴ University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. P.H.M.Peeters@umcutrecht.nl.
⁴⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. d.aune@imperial.ac.uk.
⁴⁶ Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. tim.key@ceu.ox.ac.uk.
⁴⁷ Strangeways Research Laboratories, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK. marleen@srl.cam.ac.uk.
⁴⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. e.riboli@imperial.ac.uk.
⁴⁹ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. n.popovic@orange.fr.
⁵⁰ Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France. freislingh@iarc.fr.

PMID: 29874819
PMCID: PMC6024313
DOI: 10.3390/nu10060725

Abstract

Background: Coffee and tea are among the most commonly consumed nonalcoholic beverages worldwide, but methodological differences in assessing intake often hamper comparisons across populations. We aimed to (i) describe coffee and tea intakes and (ii) assess their contribution to intakes of selected nutrients in adults across 10 European countries.

Method: Between 1995 and 2000, a standardized 24-h dietary recall was conducted among 36,018 men and women from 27 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study centres. Adjusted arithmetic means of intakes were estimated in grams (=volume) per day by sex and centre. Means of intake across centres were compared by sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors.

Results: In women, the mean daily intake of coffee ranged from 94 g/day (~0.6 cups) in Greece to 781 g/day (~4.4 cups) in Aarhus (Denmark), and tea from 14 g/day (~0.1 cups) in Navarra (Spain) to 788 g/day (~4.3 cups) in the UK general population. Similar geographical patterns for mean daily intakes of both coffee and tea were observed in men. Current smokers as compared with those who reported never smoking tended to drink on average up to 500 g/day more coffee and tea combined, but with substantial variation across centres. Other individuals' characteristics such as educational attainment or age were less predictive. In all centres, coffee and tea contributed to less than 10% of the energy intake. The greatest contribution to total sugar intakes was observed in Southern European centres (up to ~20%).

Conclusion: Coffee and tea intake and their contribution to energy and sugar intake differed greatly among European adults. Variation in consumption was mostly driven by geographical region.

Keywords: 24-h dietary recall; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; coffee; tea.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Proportion of coffee and tea consumption at different places of consumption, among men across EPIC centres; fully adjusted models among consumers only; “friends” refers to friends’ place.

**Figure 2**
Proportion of coffee and tea consumption at different places of consumption, among women across EPIC centres; fully adjusted models among consumers only; “friends” refers to friends’ place.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Association of a healthy beverage score with total mortality in the adult population of Spain: A nationwide cohort study.
Rodríguez-Ayala M, Donat-Vargas C, Moreno-Franco B, Mérida DM, Ramón Banegas J, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Rodríguez-Ayala M, et al. PLoS Med. 2024 Jan 23;21(1):e1004337. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004337. eCollection 2024 Jan. PLoS Med. 2024. PMID: 38261590 Free PMC article.
Consumption of herbal infusions/decoctions and tea in Greece: a Planeterranean perspective on the results of Hydria survey.
Tomou EM, Peppa E, Trichopoulou A. Tomou EM, et al. J Transl Med. 2023 Dec 11;21(1):899. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04781-5. J Transl Med. 2023. PMID: 38082315 Free PMC article.
Food co-consumption network as a new approach to dietary pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Naghizadeh MM, Osati S, Homayounfar R, Masoudi-Nejad A. Naghizadeh MM, et al. Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 24;13(1):20703. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47752-y. Sci Rep. 2023. PMID: 38001137 Free PMC article.
Thermal Contaminants in Coffee Induced by Roasting: A Review.
da Costa DS, Albuquerque TG, Costa HS, Bragotto APA. da Costa DS, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 20;20(8):5586. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20085586. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 37107868 Free PMC article. Review.
Consumption of Coffee and Tea Is Associated with Macular Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness: Results from the UK Biobank.
Yuan Y, Bulloch G, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yang S, Wang W, Zhu Z, He M. Yuan Y, et al. Nutrients. 2023 Feb 27;15(5):1196. doi: 10.3390/nu15051196. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 36904194 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Graham H.N. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev. Med. 1992;21:334–350. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90041-F. - DOI - PubMed
1. Freedman N.D., Park Y., Abnet C.C., Hollenbeck A.R., Sinha R. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New Engl. J. Med. 2012;366:1891–1904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cancer: A Global Perspective. [(accessed on 29 May 2018)]; Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018. Available online: Dietandcancerreport.org.
1. Lin J.K. Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by tea and tea polyphenols. In: Ho C.T., Lin J.K., Shahidi F., editors. Tea and Tea Products Chemistry and Health-Promoting Properties. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL, USA: 2009. pp. 161–176.
1. Yang C.S., Wang H., Li G.X., Yang Z., Guan F., Jin H. Cancer prevention by tea: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol. Res. 2011;64:113–122. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.001. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Substances

Actions
Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- scite Smart Citations

[1] Graham H.N. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev. Med. 1992;21:334–350. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90041-F. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Graham H.N. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev. Med. 1992;21:334–350. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90041-F. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Freedman N.D., Park Y., Abnet C.C., Hollenbeck A.R., Sinha R. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New Engl. J. Med. 2012;366:1891–1904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Freedman N.D., Park Y., Abnet C.C., Hollenbeck A.R., Sinha R. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New Engl. J. Med. 2012;366:1891–1904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cancer: A Global Perspective. [(accessed on 29 May 2018)]; Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018. Available online: Dietandcancerreport.org.

[6] World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cancer: A Global Perspective. [(accessed on 29 May 2018)]; Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018. Available online: Dietandcancerreport.org.

[7] Lin J.K. Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by tea and tea polyphenols. In: Ho C.T., Lin J.K., Shahidi F., editors. Tea and Tea Products Chemistry and Health-Promoting Properties. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL, USA: 2009. pp. 161–176.

[8] Lin J.K. Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by tea and tea polyphenols. In: Ho C.T., Lin J.K., Shahidi F., editors. Tea and Tea Products Chemistry and Health-Promoting Properties. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL, USA: 2009. pp. 161–176.

[9] Yang C.S., Wang H., Li G.X., Yang Z., Guan F., Jin H. Cancer prevention by tea: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol. Res. 2011;64:113–122. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.001. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Yang C.S., Wang H., Li G.X., Yang Z., Guan F., Jin H. Cancer prevention by tea: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol. Res. 2011;64:113–122. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.001. - DOI - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Coffee and Tea Consumption and the Contribution of Their Added Ingredients to Total Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 10 European Countries: Benchmark Data from the Late 1990s

Affiliations

Coffee and Tea Consumption and the Contribution of Their Added Ingredients to Total Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 10 European Countries: Benchmark Data from the Late 1990s

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources