Objective: Motor recovery after stroke shows a high inter-subject variability. The brain's potential to form new connections determines individual levels of recovery of motor function. Most of our daily activities require visuomotor integration, which engages parietal areas. Compared to the frontal motor system, less is known about the parietal motor system's reconfiguration related to stroke recovery. Here, we tested if functional connectivity among parietal and frontal motor areas undergoes plastic changes after stroke and assessed the behavioral relevance for motor function after stroke.
Methods: We investigated stroke lesion-induced changes in functional connectivity by measuring high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and assessing task-related changes in coherence during a visually guided grip task with the paretic hand in 30 chronic stroke patients with variable motor deficits and 19 healthy control subjects. Quantitative changes in task-related coherence in sensorimotor rhythms were compared to the residual motor deficit.
Results: Parietofrontal coupling was significantly stronger in patients compared to controls. Whereas motor network coupling generally increased during the task in both groups, the task-related coherence between the parietal and primary motor cortex in the stroke lesioned hemisphere showed increased connectivity across a broad range of sensorimotor rhythms. Particularly the parietofrontal task-induced coupling pattern was significantly and positively related to residual impairment in the Nine-Hole Peg Test performance and grip force.
Interpretation: These results demonstrate that parietofrontal motor system integration during visually guided movements is stronger in the stroke-lesioned brain. The correlation with the residual motor deficit could either indicate an unspecific marker of motor network damage or it might indicate that upregulated parietofrontal connectivity has some impact on post-stroke motor function.
Keywords: CTC, communication through coherence; Coherence; DCM, dynamic causal modelling; EEG; LCMV, linear constrained minimum variance; LME, linear mixed effects; M1, primary motor cortex; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction; Motor recovery; NHP, Nine-Hole Peg Test performance; PMv, ventral premotor; Parietal lobe; SMA, supplementary motor area; Stroke; TR-Coh, task-related coherence; TR-Pow, task-related spectral power; UEFM, Fugl–Meyer score upper extremity subsection; aIPS, anterior intraparietal sulcus; cIPS, caudal intraparietal sulcus.