Dysregulated MicroRNA Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis by Induction of T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation

Front Immunol. 2018 Jun 4:9:1256. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01256. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Growing evidence has proven that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are one of the regulators of neuroinflammation mechanisms in MS disease. Researchers have demonstrated that some microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with disease activity and duration, even with different MS patterns. miRNAs regulate CD4+ T cells to differentiate toward various T cell subtypes including Th17 cells. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of miRNAs in MS pathophysiology by regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th17 cells, and potential miRNA targets for current disease-modifying treatments.

Keywords: T helper 17 cells; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; microRNA; multiple sclerosis; treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics*
  • Cell Differentiation / immunology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Humans
  • Immunomodulation / drug effects
  • Lymphocyte Activation / genetics
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
  • MicroRNAs / genetics*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / drug therapy
  • Multiple Sclerosis / etiology*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / metabolism
  • Multiple Sclerosis / pathology
  • Signal Transduction
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
  • Th17 Cells / cytology
  • Th17 Cells / immunology*
  • Th17 Cells / metabolism*

Substances

  • MicroRNAs