Impact of Number of Oral Antiarrhythmic Drug Failures Before Referral on Outcomes Following Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018 Jun;4(6):810-819. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.01.016. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to examine the relationship between the number of oral antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) failures before referral for ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation and subsequent clinical outcomes.

Background: Failure of AADs prompts referral for VT ablation.

Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 669) with sustained VT who were referred for a first-time ablation were divided into 2 groups according to the number of oral Class 1 or 3 AAD failures before referral: single-drug failure (≤1 AAD; n = 256) or multidrug failure (>1 AADs; n = 413). Outcomes were stratified according to underlying disease type (no structural heart disease [SHD] [n = 87]; ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM] [n = 368]; and ischemic cardiomyopathy [NICM] [n = 214]) and reported at a mean follow-up of 35 ± 46 months.

Results: Patients with multidrug failure, compared with patients with single-drug failure, had more advanced SHD and required more extensive ablation to control arrhythmia. Multidrug failure, compared with single-drug failure, was associated with lower ventricular arrhythmia-free survival in ICM (46 ± 4% vs. 58 ± 6%; p = 0.03) and NICM (26 ± 5% vs. 49 ± 6%; p = 0.008), but not in the absence of SHD (71 ± 8% vs. 85 ± 7%; p = 0.10). Overall survival was lower in multidrug failure versus single-drug failure groups in patients with ICM (71 ± 3% vs. 84 ± 4%; p = 0.03) and NICM (70 ± 5% vs. 88 ± 4%; p < 0.001). Multidrug failure was independently associated with a higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.6; p = 0.01) and mortality in NICM (hazard ratio: 2.6; p = 0.008), but not in ICM.

Conclusions: Patients with SHD and failure of multiple oral AADs before VT ablation referral have more advanced heart disease and worse clinical outcomes following ablation, especially in NICM.

Keywords: antiarrhythmic drugs; catheter ablation; ischemic cardiomyopathy; nonischemic cardiomyopathy; ventricular tachycardia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / adverse effects
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Cardiomyopathies / epidemiology
  • Cardiomyopathies / mortality
  • Catheter Ablation* / mortality
  • Catheter Ablation* / statistics & numerical data
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / mortality
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular* / drug therapy
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular* / epidemiology
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular* / mortality
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular* / surgery
  • Treatment Failure

Substances

  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents