Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) knockout reduces regional ischemia/reperfusion injury through an attenuated inflammatory response

PLoS One. 2018 Jun 25;13(6):e0199711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199711. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Interventional reperfusion induces further damage to the ischemic myocardium through neutrophil infiltration and acute inflammation. As caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) plays a critical role in innate immune response and inflammation, we hypothesized that CARD9 knockout would provide protection against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury through attenuation of acute inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CARD9-/- mice were subjected to 45 min left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by 24-h reperfusion. Area at risk (AAR) and infarct size were measured by Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Frozen heart sections were stained with anti-mouse GR-1 antibody to detect infiltrated neutrophils. Concentrations of cytokines/chemokines TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL-1 and MCP-1 were determined in heart tissue homogenate and serum by ELISA assay. Western immunoblotting analyses were performed to measure the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Our results indicate that following I/R, infarct size was significantly smaller in CARD9-/- mice compared to WT. The number of infiltrated neutrophils was significantly lower in CARD9-/- mice compared to WT. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL-1 and MCP-1 were significantly reduced in heart tissue and serum from CARD9-/- mice compared to WT. CARD9-/- mice also exhibited significantly lower levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK. Taken together, our results suggest that CARD9 knockout protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, possibly through reduction of neutrophil infiltration and attenuation of CARD9-associated acute inflammatory signaling.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / deficiency*
  • CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / metabolism
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Inflammation / genetics
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Inflammation / prevention & control
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / genetics
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / metabolism*
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / pathology
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control
  • Myocardium / metabolism*
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Neutrophil Infiltration*
  • Neutrophils / metabolism*
  • Neutrophils / pathology
  • Phosphorylation / genetics
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins
  • Card9 protein, mouse
  • Cytokines
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Grants and funding

This work was supported by National Institute for General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) Networks for Biomedical Excellence (INBRE) Program: 2P20GM103432, and Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation.