Real-world effectiveness of teriparatide on fracture reduction in patients with osteoporosis and comorbidities or risk factors for fractures: Integrated analysis of 4 prospective observational studies

Abstract

Introduction: Teriparatide significantly reduces fracture rates in clinical trials; however, those study populations were relatively restricted and included too few patients to analyze fracture outcomes within clinically important patient subgroups. We assessed fracture outcomes in subgroups of osteoporosis patients from 4 real-world teriparatide observational studies.

Methods: Patients received teriparatide 20 μg/day for up to 24 months. Fracture rates were compared between 0 to 6 months versus >6 months using a piecewise exponential model for first fracture. Analyses included incident clinical vertebral fractures (CVF) and nonvertebral fractures (NVF), and clinical fractures (CVF and NVF) by subgroups of gender, age <75 or ≥75 years, diabetes, prior bisphosphonates use, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), glucocorticoid use, prior hip, and prior vertebral fracture.

Results: The population included 8828 patients (8117 women, 92%) with mean (SD) age 71 (10.6) years and teriparatide treatment duration 17.4 (8.6) months. Overall, CVF, NVF, clinical fracture, and hip fracture rates decreased by 62%, 43%, 50%, and 56%, respectively (all p < .005) for >6 months versus 0 to 6 months. Subgroup analyses all showed significantly decreased rates after >6 months except for NVF reduction in males (n = 710, fracture rate low during months 0 to 6) and in patients using glucocorticoids, and CVF in patients with prior hip fracture. The effects of teriparatide on CVF, NVF, and clinical fractures over time were statistically consistent in all subgroups except age for CVF (p = .074, patients <75 years of age responded better), and diabetes for clinical fractures (p = .046, patients with diabetes responded better), although all of these subgroups experienced significant reductions over time. Glucocorticoids, prior bisphosphonate, and prior vertebral fracture were associated with increased CVF, NVF, and clinical fracture rates; RA, prior hip fracture and female gender were associated with higher NVF and clinical fracture rates; increased age was associated with higher CVF and clinical fracture rates.

Conclusions: Data from 4 real-world observational studies showed statistically significant reductions during teriparatide treatment in rates of CVF, NVF, and clinical fractures in clinically relevant patient subgroups. These results should be interpreted in the context of the non-controlled design of the source studies.

Keywords: Fracture risk; Glucocorticoid; Observational study; Rheumatoid arthritis; Teriparatide; Type 2 diabetes.