The Notch signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in development, physiology and diseases such as cancer. In this chapter, we first give an overview of the different molecular mechanisms that regulate Notch signaling. Each subject is covered in more depth in the subsequent chapters of this book. Next, we will use the inflammatory system as an example to discuss the physiological function of Notch signaling. This is followed by a discussion of recent advances in the different pathophysiological roles of Notch signaling in leukemia as well as a wide range of solid cancers. Finally, we discuss how information about pathogenic mutations in Notch pathway components, combined with structural biological data, are beginning to provide important biological and mechanistic insights about the pathway.
Keywords: Cancer; Inflammation; Notch; Transcription.