Olfactory dysfunction is defined as decrease or loss of smell perception.This review systematically summarizes classification, etiology and diagnosis progress of olfactory dysfunction, and focuses on advancement in management of olfactory dysfunction, including pharmaceutical remedy, surgical treatment as well as olfactory training.Glucocorticoids play an important role in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Sodium citrate, vitamin A, and nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, pentoxifylline) are promising drugs.Endoscopic paranasal sinuses surgery can improve the olfactory dysfunction caused by chronic sinusitis to some extent.Olfactory training has been proven to be effective for a variety of causes of olfactory dysfunction.
嗅觉障碍是指对气味感知能力的减退或丧失。本文系统总结嗅觉障碍的分类、病因和诊断进展，并重点阐述嗅觉治疗方面的进展，包括药物治疗、手术治疗和嗅觉训练等。糖皮质激素在嗅觉障碍的治疗中起到重要作用，柠檬酸钠、维生素A和非特异性磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(茶碱、己酮可可碱)是可能有效的治疗药物。内镜鼻窦手术对于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎引起的嗅觉障碍有不同程度的改善作用。嗅觉训练被证实对多种病因导致的嗅觉障碍有效。.
Keywords: Drug therapy; Glucocorticoids; Natural orifice endoscopic surgery; Olfactory disorders; Olfactory training.