[18F]Fluciclovine PET discrimination between high- and low-grade gliomas

Ephraim E Parent; Marc Benayoun; Ijeoma Ibeanu; Jeffrey J Olson; Constantinos G Hadjipanayis; Daniel J Brat; Vikram Adhikarla; Jonathon Nye; David M Schuster; Mark M Goodman

doi:10.1186/s13550-018-0415-3

[¹⁸F]Fluciclovine PET discrimination between high- and low-grade gliomas

EJNMMI Res. 2018 Jul 25;8(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13550-018-0415-3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1841 Clifton Rd. NE, 2nd floor, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
² Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
⁶ Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
⁷ Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
⁸ Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1841 Clifton Rd. NE, 2nd floor, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. mgoodma@emory.edu.

Abstract

Background: The ability to accurately and non-invasively distinguish high-grade glioma from low-grade glioma remains a challenge despite advances in molecular and magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated the ability of fluciclovine (¹⁸F) PET as a means to identify and distinguish these lesions in patients with known gliomas and to correlate uptake with Ki-67.

Results: Sixteen patients with a total of 18 newly diagnosed low-grade gliomas (n = 6) and high grade gliomas (n = 12) underwent fluciclovine PET imaging after histopathologic assessment. Fluciclovine PET analysis comprised tumor SUV_max and SUV_mean, as well as metabolic tumor thresholds (1.3*, 1.6*, 1.9*) to normal brain background (TB_max, and TB_mean). Comparison was additionally made to the proliferative status of the tumor as indicated by Ki-67 values. Fluciclovine uptake greater than normal brain parenchyma was found in all lesions studied. Time activity curves demonstrated statistically apparent flattening of the curves for both high-grade gliomas and low-grade gliomas starting 30 min after injection, suggesting an influx/efflux equilibrium. The best semiquantitative metric in discriminating HGG from LGG was obtained utilizing a metabolic 1 tumor threshold of 1.3* contralateral normal brain parenchyma uptake to create a tumor: background (TB_mean1.3) cutoff of 2.15 with an overall sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 95.5%. Additionally, using a SUV_max > 4.3 cutoff gave a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 97.5%. Tumor SUV_mean and tumor SUV_max as a ratio to mean normal contralateral brain were both found to be less relevant predictors of tumor grade. Both SUV_max (R = 0.71, p = 0.0227) and TB_mean (TB_mean1.3: R = 0.81, p = 0.00081) had a high correlation with the tumor proliferative index Ki-67.

Conclusions: Fluciclovine PET produces high-contrast images between both low-grade and high grade gliomas and normal brain by visual and semiquantitative analysis. Fluciclovine PET appears to discriminate between low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma, but must be validated with a larger sample size.

Keywords: 18F-fluciclovine; Amino acid; Glioma; PET.

Abstract

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