[The scotomas as a metaphor in the work of Oliver Sacks]

Rev Neurol. 2018 Sep 1;67(5):187-191.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: The use of medical metaphors is common in the social discourse and in the media. However, the use by physicians themselves to define different concepts to the original meaning of the medical word is rare.

Aim: To analyze the term «scotoma» in its metaphorical sense in the works of the neurologist and writer Oliver Sacks.

Development: Sacks used scotoma metaphorically in two works, in the autobiographical book A leg to stand on and in an essay Scotoma: forgetting and neglect in science. In the first case, he used it to define the sensorial loss of his leg after an accident, which could be interpreted as a «mental scotoma». In the second case, Sacks analyzed the process and the reasons of forgetting the works of some early scientific discoverers and discussed why this happened. In this case, Sacks made an analogy with the process suffered by scientific discoveries and the reasons why some of them are largely ignored, in a situation that he called «historical» or «social scotoma».

Conclusions: Sacks does not use the term «scotoma» uniformly. When used to describe the sensorial loss of his leg, it might be considered that scotoma is there a second, although minor but accepted, meaning of the word. However, its use in the definition of historical neglect of early discoveries can be clearly defined as a medical metaphor in full sense.

Title: Los escotomas como metafora en la obra de Oliver Sacks.

Introduccion. La utilizacion de metaforas medicas es frecuente en el discurso social y en los medios de comunicacion. Sin embargo, su empleo por los propios medicos para definir conceptos distintos al significado original del termino resulta poco habitual. Objetivo. Analizar el empleo del termino «escotoma», en su sentido metaforico, en las obras del neurologo y escritor Oliver Sacks. Desarrollo. Sacks uso escotoma metaforicamente en dos obras, en el libro autobiografico A leg to stand on y en un ensayo, Scotoma: forgetting and neglect in science. En el primer caso, lo utilizo para describir la situacion de perdida sensorial de su extremidad inferior, que experimento despues de un accidente, lo que podria interpretarse como un «escotoma mental». En el segundo caso, Sacks analizo el proceso y las razones del olvido de las obras de algunos descubridores cientificos precoces y comento por que habia sucedido, una situacion que denomino «escotoma historico» o «social». Conclusiones. Sacks no utiliza el termino «escotoma» de forma uniforme y, si bien en el caso de su accidente podria considerarse como una acepcion menor, pero aceptada, es indudable su uso como metafora medica para describir el olvido y la ignorancia de algunos descubrimientos cientificos en determinadas situaciones historicas.

Publication types

  • Biography
  • Historical Article
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Depersonalization / physiopathology
  • History, 20th Century
  • History, 21st Century
  • Humans
  • Leg / innervation
  • Leg Injuries / physiopathology
  • Leg Injuries / psychology
  • Literature, Modern*
  • London
  • Los Angeles
  • Medicine in Literature*
  • Memory
  • Metaphor*
  • Neurology / history*
  • New York
  • Perceptual Disorders / physiopathology
  • Scotoma / psychology*

Personal name as subject

  • Oliver Sacks