Even among moral theologians who strongly support the Church's teaching on contraception enshrined in Humanae vitae, there is disagreement as to whether condoms might be used when one spouse is infected with HIV. Between 2004 and 2008 there was a vigorous, yet respectful, debate about this question in various Catholic journals, spawned by an article in The Tablet by Fr. Martin Rhonheimer. The aim of this essay is to present the current state of this debate, clarifying the central arguments of each side, what has been achieved through the debate, and what points of difference remain.