Anasarca

Excerpt

Anasarca is severe generalized fluid accumulation in the interstitial space. This generalized edema can result either when capillary filtration exceeds the fluid removed via lymphatic drainage, when intravascular hydrostatic pressure increases, when the permeability of the endothelial barrier increases, when oncotic pressure within the capillary decreases, or when oncotic pressure changes from low protein states. In contrast to peripheral edema, which is localized to specific areas, anasarca is characterized by massive and generalized swelling. Various clinical conditions can cause anasarca, including heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, or impairment of the lymphatic system. The presentation of anasarca in patients may vary, but it typically becomes clinically apparent when the interstitial volume exceeds 2.5 to 3L. The characteristic feature is a significant accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, resulting in noticeable swelling in multiple body areas, including the legs, arms, face, abdomen, and elsewhere.

Anasarca is not a standalone disease but rather a symptom of an underlying medical condition, primarily diagnosed through clinical evaluation. While diagnostic tests can aid in assessing the extent and areas of swelling, their primary purpose is to identify the root cause. Treatment typically involves the use of diuretics and addressing the underlying cause. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose and treat the underlying condition promptly.