Background: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of failure-of-discharge criteria and identify the cohort of pediatric patients after appendectomy in whom postoperative imaging would impact management.
Methods: Pediatric patients who underwent an appendectomy from July 2009 to May 2017 were included. Complicated appendicitis was defined based on the intraoperative diagnosis. Postoperative imaging was recommended at postoperative days 5-7 for patients who met at least one criterion of failure of standard management: fever (>38°C), leukocytosis (white blood cell count >12,000/mm3), diet intolerance, or uncontrolled pain by oral analgesics at postoperative day 5. Primary outcomes included any intervention (reoperation, drainage procedures, or change in antibiotics).
Results: In all, 3,276 pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy were identified. Of these patients, 12% met at least 1 discharge criterion of failure Most discharge failures (79%) underwent postoperative imaging, such as computed tomography (68%), ultrasonography then computed tomography (20%), or ultrasonography only (12%); 39% of imaging patients required intervention. On multiple logistic regression, 3 criteria (diet intolerance, fever, and leukocytosis), complicated disease, and age were associated with the need for intervention after imaging. The type of imaging modality did not discriminate need for intervention.
Conclusion: Standardized criteria identifying failure of ability to discharge the patient after appendectomy limits the need for unnecessary imaging. In the management of pediatric appendicitis, a selective approach resulted in a high yield of complications requiring intervention after obtaining postoperative imaging.
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