[Epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary features of diabetic foot: a study conducted at the Medico-surgical Clinic, University Hospital Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé]
- PMID: 30123407
- PMCID: PMC6093590
- DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.4.14765
[Epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary features of diabetic foot: a study conducted at the Medico-surgical Clinic, University Hospital Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé]
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot is a common and severe complication of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary features of diabetic foot at a Hospital in Lomé (Togo).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 (5 years) at the Medico-surgical Clinic, University Hospital Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé All patients hospitalized for diabetic foot during the study period were enrolled.
Results: Diabetic foot prevalence was 12.90%. The average age of patients was 60,74 years (ranging from 39 to 86 years). Diabetic foot was predominant in male patients, with a sex ratio of 1.38. Type 2 diabetes was found in 88.70% of patients. The mean duration of diabetes evolution was 11.67 years (ranging from 1 to 24 years). Foot lesions were caused by a trauma resulting in a superinfected sore in 70.97% of cases. Gangrene (61.29%) and ischemic necrosis (12.90%) were the most common lesions. Neuropathy was the main etiopathogenetic factor (61.29). The majority of lesions (61.29%) were classified as Wagner grade 4 and 5 and 51,62% of patients underwent lower limb amputation.
Conclusion: Foot lesions are frequent in diabetic patients living in Lomé. The fight against this scourge depends on education of patients and their caregivers as well on multidisciplinary and concerted patient management.
Introduction: Le pied diabétique est une complication fréquente et grave du diabète. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer le profil épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutif du pied diabétique en milieu hospitalier à Lomé (Togo)
Méthodes: Etude rétrospective descriptive réalisée du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 décembre 2015 (5 ans) à la clinique médico-chirurgicale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé. Etaient inclus dans l'étude, toute patiente hospitalisée pendant la période d'étude pour pied diabétique.
Résultats: La prévalence du pied diabétique était de 12,90%. L'âge moyen était de 60,74 ans (extrêmes: 39 ans et 86 ans). Le sexe masculin prédominait avec un sexe ratio de 1,38. Le diabète de type 2 était retrouvé chez 88,70% des patients. La durée moyenne d'évolution du diabète était de 11,67 ans (extrême: 1 an et 24 ans). Le point de départ des lésions du pied était un traumatisme générant une plaie surinfectée dans 70,97 % des cas. La gangrène (61,29%) et la nécrose ischémique (12,90%) étaient les principales lésions retrouvées. Le principal facteur étiopathogénique retrouvé était la neuropathie (61,29). La majorité des lésions (61,29%) était classée grade 4 et 5 de Wagner et 51,62% des patients avait bénéficié d'une amputation du membre pelvien.
Conclusion: Les lésions du pied sont fréquentes chez les patients diabétiques à Lomé. La lutte contre ce fléau passe par l'éducation des patients et du personnel soignant et par une prise en charge multidisciplinaire et concertée.
Keywords: Diabetic foot; Lomé; morbidity.
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