The Crystal Structure of Gurmarin, a Sweet Taste-Suppressing Protein: Identification of the Amino Acid Residues Essential for Inhibition

Chem Senses. 2018 Sep 22;43(8):635-643. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjy054.

Abstract

Gurmarin is a highly specific sweet taste-suppressing protein in rodents that is isolated from the Indian plant Gymnema sylvestre. Gurmarin consists of 35 amino acid residues containing 3 intramolecular disulfide bridges that form a cystine knot. Here, we report the crystal structure of gurmarin at a 1.45 Å resolution and compare it with previously reported nuclear magnetic resonance solution structures. The atomic structure at this resolution allowed us to identify a very flexible region consisting of hydrophobic residues. Some of these amino acid residues had been identified as a putative binding site for the rat sweet taste receptor in a previous study. By combining alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the gurmarin molecule and a functional cell-based receptor assay, we confirmed that some single point mutations in these positions drastically affect sweet taste receptor inhibition by gurmarin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids / chemistry*
  • Animals
  • Crystallography, X-Ray / methods*
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / methods
  • Plant Proteins / chemistry*
  • Protein Conformation
  • Rats
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Plant Proteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Gurmarin protein, Gymnema sylvestre