Prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella spp. on chickens sold at retail outlets in Trinidad

PLoS One. 2018 Aug 23;13(8):e0202108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202108. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Background: This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their serotypes on dressed chicken sold at retail outlets in Trinidad. The study also investigated the risk factors for contamination of dressed carcasses by Salmonella spp. at cottage poultry processor outlets where chickens are slaughtered and processed for sale.

Methods: A total of 133 dressed, whole chickens and 87 chicken parts from 44 cottage poultry processors and 36 dressed, whole chickens and 194 chicken parts from 46 supermarket outlets were randomly collected throughout the country. Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. were performed using standard bacteriological techniques. Serotyping was performed by a regional reference laboratory.

Results: The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcasses sampled from cottage poultry processors and supermarkets was 20.5% and 8.3% respectively (p <0.001). The frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. at cottage poultry processors was 22.4%, 23.0%, 7.1%, and 10.0% for non-chilled whole chicken, non-chilled chicken parts, chilled whole chicken and chilled chicken parts respectively. Fresh, non-chilled chicken (22.6%) yielded a higher frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. than chilled chickens (8.3%). For supermarket samples, the frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. was 19.0%, 8.1%, 0.0% and 7.6% for chilled whole chickens, chill chicken parts, frozen whole chicken and frozen chicken parts respectively. The swab method of sampling yielded a statistically significantly (p = 0.029) higher frequency (3.2%) of Salmonella spp. than the rinse method (1.6%). The predominant serotypes isolated were Kentucky (30.9%) and Javiana (22.7%). Use of chilled water-bath to cool carcasses was the only risk factor significantly (p = 0.044) associated with isolation of Salmonella spp.

Conclusion: Raw chicken carcasses purchased from cottage poultry processors pose a significantly higher risk of contamination with Salmonella spp. than those sold at supermarkets.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chickens / microbiology*
  • Consumer Product Safety
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Food Contamination
  • Food Microbiology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Salmonella / classification*
  • Salmonella / isolation & purification
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / epidemiology*
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / microbiology*
  • Serogroup
  • Trinidad and Tobago / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This work is supported by the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus Research and Publication Fund Committee [Research grant #2660-457522] awarded to the primary author Anisa Khan and Abiodun Adewale Adesiyun, for Anisa Khan’s Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.