Purpose: Prognostic factors associated with Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) failure remain unknown.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies that reported prognostic factors associated with MUA for postoperative stiffness.
Results: 7 studies analyzing prognostic factors associated with MUA outcomes were included. Several studies note pre-MUA ROM to be a significant prognostic factor affecting post-MUA ROM at final follow-up. Knees with <70° of flexion pre-MUA had less final flexion arc than those with >70°.
Conclusions: The strongest prognostic factor for decreased ROM after MUA is severe pre-MUA stiffness.
Keywords: Manipulation under anesthesia; Prognostic factors; Review; Stiffness; Total knee arthroplasty.