Frailty is an aging-related medical syndrome which contains the decline in physiological, cognitive, and social reserves abilities. It has been known to be important to early identify and prevent reversible frailty. On the other hand, sarcopenia, the aging-related loss of muscle mass and strength or function is major determinant of the quality of life of elderly and frailty. Recently, the accumulating evidence of the physical frailty concept suggested that it is as a risk factor for the long-term care, leading to be important to extend the healthy lifespan. However, the diagnosis of frailty is not necessarily unified, the molecular mechanism underlying the onset of sarcopenia is not clear, and clinical treatment strategy has not been established. Therefore, the searching and identifying of the biomarkers of the frailty and sarcopenia is very important for the prevention as well as the treatment of the muscle disease, and the further studies will be needed to investigate these issues.