Gun prevalence and suicide

J Health Econ. 2018 Sep:61:163-177. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Aug 20.

Abstract

In light of the ongoing debate over tighter firearm regulations, this paper considers the relationship between gun prevalence and suicide. I exploit a reform in Switzerland that reduced the prevalence of military-issued guns in private households. In Switzerland, military service is compulsory for men, and military-issued guns account for nearly half of the total number of firearms available. The results show that the firearm suicide rate decreases by 9% for a reduction in gun prevalence of 1000 guns per 100,000 inhabitants. The elasticity of gun suicides with respect to firearm prevalence is +0.48, but converges towards zero for low levels of gun prevalence. The overall suicide rate is negatively and significantly related to firearm prevalence, which indicates that non-gun methods of suicide are not perfect replacements for firearms.

Keywords: Firearm suicide; Gun policy; Gun prevalence; I12; I18; J18; K32; Suicide rate.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Firearms / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Military Personnel / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Models, Econometric
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Suicide / statistics & numerical data*
  • Suicide Prevention
  • Switzerland / epidemiology