Exploratory behavior of re-orienting foragers differs from other flight patterns of honeybees

PLoS One. 2018 Aug 29;13(8):e0202171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202171. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, perform re-orientation flights to learn about the new surroundings of the hive when their hive is transported to a new location. Since the pattern of re-orientation flights has not yet been studied, we asked whether this form of exploratory behavior differs from the well described exploratory orientation flights performed by young honeybees before they start foraging. We also investigated whether the exploratory components of re-orientation flights differ from foraging flights and if so how. We recorded re-orientation flights using harmonic radar technology and compared the patterns and flight parameters of these flights with the first exploratory orientation flights of young honeybees and foraging flights of experienced foragers. Just as exploratory orientation flights of young honeybees, re-orientation flights can be classified into short- and long-range flights, and most short-range re-orientation flights were performed under unfavorable weather conditions. This indicates that bees adapt the flight pattern of their re-orientation and orientation flights to changing weather conditions in a similar way. Unlike exploratory orientation flights, more than one sector of the landscape was explored during a long-range re-orientation flight, and significantly longer flight durations and flight distances were observed. Thus, re-orienting bees explored a larger terrain than bees performing their first exploratory orientation flight. By displacing some bees after their first re-orientation flight, we could demonstrate that a single re-orientation flight seems to be sufficient to learn the new location of the hive. The flight patterns of re-orientation flights differed clearly from those of foraging flights. Thus, re-orientation flights represent a special exploratory behavior that is triggered by a change in the location of the hive.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bees*
  • Exploratory Behavior*
  • Feeding Behavior
  • Female
  • Flight, Animal*
  • Orientation, Spatial*

Grants and funding

The experiments were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft e.V. (http://www.dfg.de), grant Me 365/34-2. T.H. gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft e.V. (http://www.dfg.de), Collaborative Research Center SFB 1047 "Insect timing", Project C6. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.