Cation-π Interactions in the Benzylic Arylation of Toluenes with Bimetallic Catalysts

J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Oct 3;140(39):12415-12423. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b05143. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Abstract

A method to directly arylate toluene derivatives with aryl bromides to generate diarylmethanes, which are important building blocks in drug discovery, is described. In this method, KN(SiMe3)2 in combination with a (NIXANTPHOS)Pd catalyst accomplished the deprotonative activation of toluene derivatives to permit cross-coupling with aryl bromides. Good to excellent yields are obtained with a range of electron-rich to neutral aryl bromides. Both electron-rich and electron-poor toluene derivatives are well tolerated, and even 2-chlorotoluene performs well, providing a platform for introduction of additional functionalization. This discovery hinges on the use of a main group metal to activate toluene for deprotonation by means of a cation-π interaction, which is secured by a bimetallic K(NIXANTPHOS)Pd assembly. Mechanistic and computational studies support acidification of toluene derivatives by the K+-cation- π interaction, which may prove pertinent in the development of other, new reaction systems.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Biphenyl Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Biphenyl Compounds / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Cations / chemistry
  • Potassium / chemistry
  • Toluene / chemistry*

Substances

  • Biphenyl Compounds
  • Cations
  • Toluene
  • Potassium