Objective: The aim was to study the effect of high-resistance strength training on peripheral nerve morphology, by examining properties of peripheral nerves as well as distal and proximal muscle thickness with ultrasound, comparing healthy individuals who perform and do not perform high-resistance strength training.
Methods: Neuromuscular ultrasound was used to examine cross sectional area (CSA) of the median and musculocutaneous nerves, and muscle thickness of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle, biceps brachii muscle, quadriceps muscle and extensor digitorum brevis muscle, in 44 healthy individuals, of whom 22 performed regular high-resistance strength training.
Results: No difference in nerve CSA was found between trained and untrained individuals although trained individuals had thicker biceps brachii muscles. The CSA of the median nerve in the forearm correlated with participants' height and was significantly larger in men than women.
Conclusions: In this cohort, CSA of the median and musculocutaneous nerves was not affected by strength training, whereas gender had a prominent effect both on CSA and muscle thickness.
Significance: This is the first study to examine the effect of high-resistance strength training on peripheral nerves with neuromuscular ultrasound.
Keywords: APB, abductor pollicis brevis muscle; BMI, body mass index; CMAP, compound motor action potential; CSA, cross sectional area; EDB, extensor digitorum brevis muscle; HHD, hand-held dynamometer; HRST, high-resistance strength training; High-resistance strength training; Muscle thickness; Nerve cross sectional area; Nerve remodeling; Reference values.