Type III Interferons in Antiviral Defenses at Barrier Surfaces

Trends Immunol. 2018 Oct;39(10):848-858. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2018.08.008. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Abstract

Barrier surfaces such as the epithelium lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, the endothelium comprising the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and placental trophoblasts provide key physical and immunological protection against viruses. These barriers utilize nonredundant mechanisms to suppress viral infections including the production of interferons (IFNs), which induce a strong antiviral state following receptor binding. However, whereas type I IFNs control infection systemically, type III IFNs (IFN-λs) control infection locally at barrier surfaces and are often preferentially induced by these cells. In this review we focus on the role of IFN-λ at barrier surfaces, focusing on the respiratory and GI tracts, the BBB, and the placenta, and on how these IFNs act to suppress viral infections.

Keywords: barrier surfaces; innate immunity; interferon; placenta.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood-Brain Barrier
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Interferon Lambda
  • Interferons / metabolism*
  • Placenta / immunology*
  • Pregnancy
  • Respiratory System / immunology*
  • Skin Physiological Phenomena / immunology*
  • Virus Diseases / drug therapy
  • Virus Diseases / immunology*

Substances

  • Interferons
  • Interferon Lambda