Uncoupling proteins as a therapeutic target to protect the diabetic heart

Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov:137:11-24. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.013. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Abstract

Myocardial remodeling and dysfunction caused by accelerated oxidative damage is a widely reported phenomenon within a diabetic state. Altered myocardial substrate preference appears to be the major cause of enhanced oxidative stress-mediated cell injury within a diabetic heart. During this process, exacerbated free fatty acid flux causes an abnormal increase in mitochondrial membrane potential leading to the overproduction of free radical species and subsequent cell damage. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are expressed within the myocardium and can protect against free radical damage by modulating mitochondrial respiration, leading to reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, transgenic animals lacking UCPs have been shown to be more susceptible to oxidative damage and display reduced cardiac function when compared to wild type animals. This suggests that tight regulation of UCPs is necessary for normal cardiac function and in the prevention of diabetes-induced oxidative damage. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms relating to the role of UCPs in a diabetic heart, and further discuss known pharmacological compounds and hormones that can protect a diabetic heart through the modulation of UCPs.

Keywords: Cardiomyopathy; Diabetes mellitus; Oxidative stress; Uncoupling proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cardiotonic Agents / pharmacology
  • Cardiotonic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Diabetes Mellitus* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus* / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus* / physiopathology
  • Heart / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Mitochondria, Heart / drug effects
  • Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins / physiology*

Substances

  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins