Characterization of phytochemical mixtures with inflammatory modulation potential from coffee leaves processed by green and black tea processing methods

Abstract

Our previous study reported that different tea processing methods along with the age of coffee leaves affected antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities; however, identification of phytochemical components or associated mixtures that contribute to the anti-/pro-inflammatory activities was not determined. Herein, we report results of additional experiments designed to characterize the phytochemical composition of fractionated coffee leaf extract, derived from Japanese-style-green-tea-process-young (JGTP-Y) and black-tea-process-mature (BTP-M) leaves and related these data to anti-/pro-inflammatory activities. The aqueous fraction of BTP-M coffee leaves induced nitric oxide (NO), iNOS, COX-2, IL-6 and IL-10 production in Raw 264.7 cells. A 40% methanol fraction possessed greatest anti-inflammatory activities in IFN-γ and LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory activities of coffee leaf fractions could not only be attributed to chlorogenic acids, mangiferin, rutin, and caffeine content, but possibly subtle interactions of mixtures of bioactive molecules.

Keywords: 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA), PubChem CID: 6474309; 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), PubChem CID: 6474310; 3-Caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), PubChem CID: 1794427; 4-Caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), PubChem CID: 9798666; 5-Caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), PubChem CID: 5280633; COX-2; Caffeine, PubChem CID: 2519; Chlorogenic acid; Coffee leaf; Cytokine; Inflammation; Isomangiferin, PubChem CID: 5318597; Mangiferin; Mangiferin, PubChem CID: 5281647; Nitric oxide; Rutin, PubChem CID: 5280805; Trigonelline, PubChem CID: 5570; iNOS.